October is Women’s History Month and the Toronto Archives has been posting on and off some wonderful photos of Canadian Women who achieved great things in life. One of the recent photos was the one below. It’s from 1928 and features 7 women from the Canadian Olympic team heading off to forge their place in sports history.

1920s vintage photo of the 1928 Canadian women heading to Summer Olympics waving from the back of a train in 1920s fashions.
Source: Toronto Archives

So who exactly were these women and did they achieve their Olympic dreams? Lets find out in today’s blog post….

Canada’s First Female Olympic Medalists – 1928

The Vintage History & Photos

1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam

The 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam was a milestone for women in Canada as this would be the first time they would be allowed to participate at these games and in Track and Field (Note: In 1924 the Winter Olympics did have 15-year-old Canadian, Cecil Smith but that was all that was sent). Canada would end up sending 6 women for track and field and 1 more who was sponsored privately and was a swimmer (Source).

1928 summer olympics official program graphic design.
Source: Wikipedia

Who are the women that participated in 1928?

Myrtle Cook, Jean Thompson, Ethel Smith, Ethel Catherwood, Fannie Rosenfeld, Florence Bell and Dorothy Prior.

The track and field team were nicknamed the “Matchless Six” and Canadians had high hopes for these ladies of speed and strength (even though there were many that felt that women participating in the Olympics was controversial).

1920s vintage photo of the Canada's women's team at the 1928 Amsterdam Olympics.
Check out the stylish 1920’s flapper inspired Uniforms. Don’t the ladies look so good? Source: Huffington Post

How did they do at the Olympics?

That year Canada sent 69 Athletes to the games and took home 4 Gold’s, 4 Silver’s and 7 Bronze and ranked 10th in the world. Where did our women place?

Fannie “Bobbie” Rosenfeld

Was considered the best all around athlete on the team, competing in both track and field. She did not disappoint and went on to win the gold medal for the 400 meter relay, a silver for the 100 meter (in a photo finish), and a fifth place in the 800 meter. Rosenfeld scored more points for her country than any other athlete at the Games, male or female (source).

1920s vintage photo of Women's Olympic Track and Field running, Fanny “Bobbie” Rosenfeld
Source: Women of Valor

The 800 Meter Race Controversy – The most controversial race for women at this time. Why? Two full laps around the track, at full speed was considered too stressful for the delicate female body.

Rosenfeld was never supposed to be in this race, as 17-year-old Jean Thompson was set to run it and considered a medal contestant. Jean had hurt herself in training before the games and now found herself extremely nervous before the big race, so Bobbie was asked to race with her to encourage and support her teammate. This turned out to be a good idea because Jean did in fact falter (due to being hit by another runner) and Rosenfeld would then run from the back of the pack to beside Jean and let her finish ahead in fourth place while she took fifth.Their team manager Gibb called it “one of the finest exhibitions of sportsmanship ever witnessed on any track”.

At the finish line, 5 of the women that ran the race collapsed at the end due to “giving it all they had”.

1920s vintage photo of the 1928 800 metre summer olympics womens race
The Start of the Race. Source: Go Feet

The media felt differently about this race though and would end up going on the attack saying things like, “it was hysterical” and “the competitors were floundering all over the place” (from an Australian publication called the Bulletin). The London Times called it a “warning for women’s athletics in general” and Harper’s Magazine deemed the competitors “wretched women (Source).”

1928 summer olympics 800 metres controversary article
Source: Sport in American History

Sadly the press was looking for failure even when failure was not there.

I am very proud of Bobbie & Jean personally!

Myrtle Cook

(#675 below)

In this photo 15-year-old Myrtle is show winning the preliminary heat in the women’s 100m race against Norma Wilson of New Zealand and Bets ter Horst of Netherlands on July 30, 1928 (Source).

Myrtle’s Olympic journey was not an easy one at first, as she ended up being disqualified from the 100m finals for 2 false starts. She would bounce back by running the last leg of the 4 x 100-metre relay securing a first place finish for the Canadian relay team made up of Cook, Jane Bell, Ethel Smith, and Bobbie Rosenfeld.

1920s vintage photo of the 1928 Summer Olympics women's 100m race featuring Canadian Myrtle Cook
Source: Wikipedia

Ethel Catherwood

Nicknamed “Saskatoon Lily”, Ethel’s sport in 1928 was High Jump and she had a Gold Medal victory by jumping 1.59 metres defeating dutchwoman Lien Gisolf.

1920s photo of Ethel Catherwood 1928 Canada summer olympics High Jump Gold Medal Winner
Source: Wikipedia
1920s vintage photo of Canadian Olympic Gold Medal Winner in High Jump, Ethel Catherwood in the 1928 Olympics.

This win was the first ever gold medal awarded to a female high jumper and she holds the title as the only Canadian female athlete to have won an individual gold medal in an Olympic track and field event.

Ethel Smith

Ethel would go on to win the Bronze in the 100 meter with Bobbie as well as Gold in the 4 x 100 m rely.

1920s vintage photo of Ethel Smith 1928 Summer Olympics Canada -Bronze and Gold medal winner in the 100 meter and rely at the Amsterdam Olympics.
Source: Wikipedia

Jane Bell

Helped bring home the Gold in the 4 x 100 m relay at the young age of 18.

1920s vintage photo of Jane Bell 1928 Summer Olympics, Canadian Gold medal winner in the 4 x 100 m relay at the young age of 18.
Source: Canadian Sports History

Dorothy Prior

The swimmer on the team and competed in the women’s 200 metre breaststroke (at the age of 16). She would come in fourth place. Unfortunately I have not been able to find any other photos, beyond the one at the very beginning of Dorothy.

More Milestones:

Did you know that their wins equaled 25% of Canada’s medal haul and they were the only country to win more than one gold across the five track and field events in Amsterdam? That is an incredible! (source)

1920s vintage photo of Canadian Women's Olympians at the 1928 Olympics. The womens olympic team the matchless 6
Source: Canadian Sports History

What happened when they got home?

“The Matchless Six” returned to ticker-tape parades in Toronto and Montreal. The press estimated that 200 000 people jammed Toronto’s Union Station and adjacent Front Street and another 100 000 lined the parade route (Source).

BUT the “Controversy” of sending women to the Summer Olympics (especially after the 800 meter race), was not forgotten and the IAAF voted to keep women athletics, but in a much limited form: They removed the long jump, shot put, 200 metres and 800 metres from the realm of women’s competition.

It would be 32 years before women would be permitted to run the 800-metre race at the Olympics again (Source).

1960s vintage photo of  olympics 800 metre womens race
1960’s Women’s 800 metre race

Friends that is the story of Canada’s first female Olympians, I hope you enjoyed learning all about these amazing women and their journey to making history and the struggles that they had to endure and overcome. I know I sure did!

FURTHER READING:

Liz